The subsidiary in India was planned and executed by Lord Wellesley to extend the company`s dominance in India, but this term was originally introduced by the French governor Dupleix. In 1799, Mysore entered into an alliance with the British. Any native leader who entered the secondary alliance with the English had to accept all of the above conditions and definitively cede part of his territory to the British in the final phase of the daughter alliance. In this way, it became a tool for the British to extend the dominance of society in India. Eventually, the last Maratha confederacy among the Holkars accepted the terms of the subsidiary alliance. Since the maintenance of the auxiliary force was very expensive, it weighed financially on the Indian ruler, which he generally could not bear. The British, therefore, as part of the policy of the subsidiary alliance, forced him to give up more of his territory. Thus, he contributed to the expansion of the company`s area in India. In the fourth and final phase of the subsidiary alliance system, Lord Wellesley added the following conditions to the alliance – the subsidiary alliance system was first introduced by the governor of the French East India Company, Joseph François Dupleix. It was later used by Lord Wellesley, who was Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805.

At the beginning of his term as governor, Lord Wellesley pursued a policy of non-interference in the princely states. Later, however, he adopted the policy of forming daughter alliances, which played an important role in the expansion of British rule in India. The daughter alliance was advantageous to the British in every respect. It brought the following advantages to the English: in its fourth and final form, introduced by Lord Wellesley, the English agreed to maintain a permanent and permanent subsidiary force on the territory of their ally. In return, however, they did not take money, but took permanent control of part of the Allie`s territory. In this way, the system of subsidiaries became a means of expanding the company`s territory in India. The kingdom of Awadh was the first to conclude such an alliance after its defeat at the Battle of Buxar (1764) by the Treaty of Allahabad (1765). Although the annexation of Awadh was based on maladministration and is therefore not counted among the subsidiary alliances.

Tipu Sultan of the Kingdom of Mysore renounced it, but after the British victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799, Mysore became a subsidiary state before coming under the rule of the Company. [4] The British were able to control the states with their army from north to south. They managed to maintain the Indian army without maintenance costs. Since French cannot be used in any of the services, its influence has been completely extinguished. The subsidiary has increased the power and resources of the company. Indigenous leaders were separated from each other, as politics was completely controlled by the British. Drastically gained political power and eliminated the power of other European companies in India. The policy of His Excellency the Governor General, in forming subsidiary alliances with the principal states of India, is to place those states in such a degree of dependence on British power that they may be deprived of the means to pursue any action or to form a confederation which endangers the security of the British Empire and which may enable us to: maintain India`s calm by exercising general control over these states. calculated to prevent the work of that restless spirit of ambition and violence which is the hallmark of every Asian government and which, since the first period of Eastern history, has made the Indian peninsula the scene of eternal wars, turbulence and disorder. The Subsidiary Alliance Treaty was, in reality, the policy of loss of power and sovereignty.

In addition to losing territorial lands, power, financial control and maintaining administration, the rulers had also lost the power of self-defense and dispute settlement with their neighboring states. They cannot make a compilation or employ a person of their choice after subscribing to the policy. The English broadened the scope of their influence. The native ruler, who accepted the subsidiary alliance, was completely dependent on the English because of the presence of the armed forces on his territory. As a result, the British gradually became the de facto rulers of his state. And the indigenous rulers were reduced to the British “protectorate”. Hyderabad was the first state to be separated from French influence, and under the alliance it was forbidden to make a snack with another state, especially Maratha, without British permission. After that, Mysore signed the treaty, followed by a treaty with Nawab of Awadh. When Baji Rao signed the treaty, many Maratha states also accepted the alliance. Eventually, Indore entered the girls` alliance. The British, on the other hand, were able to maintain significant strength at the expense of Indigenous leaders. The maintenance of the British army was taken over by the home state.

The auxiliaries held in the territories of the various rulers could be used effectively by the English against any of them. “The Nizam of Hyderabad” was the first victim of this policy. In 1798, the English detached the Nizam from French influence and also forbade them to form alliances with the Marathas without British consent. However, the subsidiary alliance was completely detrimental to the Indian rulers and their subjects. Some disadvantages of the subsidiary alliance system were as follows: Other states also accepted this alliance, including Tanjore/Mysore (1799), Awadh (1801), Peshwa (1802), Bhonsle (1803), Scindia (1804), Singrauli (1814), Jaipur Jodpur (1818). [6] The Indian state, which entered into a subsidiary alliance with the British, could not enter into an alliance with any other foreign power. This meant that he could not employ any foreigners other than English in his service. And if he employed a few, he was to dismiss them from his service when the covenant was signed. The idea was also to curb the influence of the French. The subsidiary alliance is an important topic for the review of UPSC officials. These NCERT scores will also be useful for other competitions such as PO, SSC, IAS, etc. bank exams.

Indigenous leaders were separated from each other because the foreign policy of the state was controlled by the British in the subsidiary alliance. The state falls to the periphery of politics1. “The Nizam of Hyderabad” was the first victim of this policy. In 1798, he separated the Nizam from the French and also forbade them to enter into alliances with Maratha without British consent.2. The second state was Mysore in 1799. Wellesley then forced the Nawab of Awadh to accept the daughter alliance policy in 1801 AD.3. In 1802, Peshwa Baji Rao II also subjected his state to this policy. Many Maratha states, such as Bhosle and Scindia, also accepted the terms of the policy in 1803 AD.4.

The last Maratha confederation, i.e. Holkars, also accepted the terms of the daughter alliance. After concluding the subsidiary alliance with the British, the Indian state could not enter into political relations with another Indian state, even without the consent of the British. The term “subsidiary alliance” was introduced by French Governor DupleixIt and first used by Lord Wellesley, who effectively institutionalized the policy of “non-interference” that made the Nawab and Nizams subsidiary allies by signing nearly 100 such treaties. The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to accept a well-designed girls` alliance in 1798. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–19), the Maratha ruler Baji Rao II also agreed to a subsidiary alliance. [5] In its second form, the British agreed to maintain a permanent and permanent military force to help their ally in exchange for a fixed annual sum of money. However, the subsidiary force was maintained on the territory of the company. The Nawab of Awadh was the first ruler to enter into a subsidiary alliance with the British after the Battle of Buxar. However, the Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to accept a well-supervised alliance of girls. It was first seen in history in its raw form by French Governor Duplex. Again and again, he lent his army to the Indian princes and attacked them.

The same policy was imitated by Robert Clive of the British East India Company. After the Battle of Buxar in 1764, he signed a treaty with Nawab of Awadh Suja-ud-Din, called the “Treat of Allahabad”. The safety of the Nawab will henceforth be the responsibility of the British East India Company, and in return, Nawab will pay regularly for its protection. After that, the actual form of the daughter alliance was given by Lord Wellesley, the Governor-General of Bengal from 1798 to 1805. Lord Wellesley saw that there were huge kingdoms in India fighting against each other. There were few kingdoms that had much wealth but lacked the ability to protect themselves. The light attack, the dacoity of neighboring states was a common spectacle.